Identification α-Amylase Inhibitors of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i> Leaves Extract Using Metabolite Profiling Combined with Molecular Docking

Vernonia amygdalina was reported to be used as a therapy for Diabetes Mellitus (DM). One of the mechanisms DM inhibit action α-amylase enzyme. This study aimed prove presence compounds that could α-amylase. leaves were macerated with methanol and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Furthermore, they tested inhibitory activity analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolutions mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Molecular docking molecular dynamics simulation (MD simulation) examined unique in extract good chromatogram results. The EtOAc extracts showed potential inhibitors indicated by their IC50 values, namely 3.0 μg/mL. There are five predicted 3-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)benzoic acid (compound 1), 2-hexylpentanedioic 2), (2E,4E)-5-[1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-6-({3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] oxy}methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic 3), 3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-1-yl)oxy}butyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one 4), 2-{[(6E)-2,10-dihydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-6,11-dien-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3, 4,5-triol 5). analysis compound 3 had better interaction energy (Ei) (-8.59 kcal/mol) inhibition constant (Ki) values (0.503 μM) than acarbose. These data supported MD simulations based on parameters RMSD value, radius gyration, protein-ligand energy.